Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of Salmonella Isolates from Diarrheic Calves in Sebeta Town Dairy Farms, Central Ethiopia
Shubisa Abera Leliso1*, Demeke Zewde1, Tariku Dilelecha Biratu2
and Atinafu Regasa3 1National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), P. O. Box 04,
Sebeta, Ethiopia 2Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfine, Sebeta Town Municipal Abattoir, Sebeta,
Ethiopia 3Samara University, Ethiopia.
Dairy production is a critical issue in Ethiopian livestock-based society where livestock and its products are important sources of food and income. The substantial demand-supply variance in milk and milk products for the major urban centers in Ethiopia is a great opportunity for the development and flourishing of peri-urban dairy farms. Peri-urban and urban dairies are intensive production systems, that keep high-grade cows and have improved management practices. This is usually associated with increased susceptibility to disease, poor survival rate, and poor reproduction. The country has a large potential for dairy development mainly due to the large livestock
population, the favorable climate for improved high-yield breeds, and the relatively disease-free environment [1]. Newly born calves represent an important source of animal production for either meat or breeding worldwide. Calves are important assets for the replacement of cows for future dairy and beef herd sustainability. Diarrhea is one of the very common disease syndromes in neonatal calves in different countries, and this can have severe impacts both economically and in terms of animal welfare [2] Calves are at greatest risk of developing
diarrhea within the first month of life, and the incidence of diarrhea decreases with age [3]. Causes of neonatal calf diarrhea are commonly associated with more than one of these agents, and the causes of most outbreaks are usually multifactorial [4]. Among these organisms,
Salmonella is the main cause of calf’s diarrhea as white scour diarrhea. Salmonella is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated,
and motile (except Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum) oxidase-negative, facultative anaerobe and is classified under the family Enterobacteriaceae [5]. Calves are infected by the ingestion of the organism from the environment which is contaminated with feces from infected animals. Six hours after ingestion, the organism multiplies in the intestine and can be found in the rectum. The bacteria invade the intestinal mucosa and adhere to the small intestine epithelial cells and overcome host defense mechanisms to enable infection and
cause an inflammatory response, and septicemia and pneumonia
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